Key industry terms
0 - 9
- 3PI (Third-Party Integrator) – A service provider that connects and streamlines various systems or services, facilitating seamless communication and operations between different platforms.
- 3PL (Third-Party Logistics) – Outsourcing logistics functions to a third party, which manages warehousing, inventory, transportation, and distribution.
- 4PL (Fourth-Party Logistics) – A provider that oversees and manages the entire supply chain, coordinating multiple logistics services for efficiency.
A
- AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) – A status granted by EU customs authorities indicating that a business meets high standards in customs compliance, security, and record‑keeping, which can lead to streamlined border processes and fewer inspections.
- Autonomous decision-making - Systems that select carriers/services or update promises without manual steps (within guardrails).
- Autonomous Delivery Vehicles – Self-driving cars, drones, or robots designed to transport goods without human intervention, improving last-mile delivery efficiency.
- Automated Export System (AES) – The U.S. electronic system for filing required export shipment information, such as Electronic Export Information (EEI), helping customs agencies and statistical bureaus accurately track outbound trade.
B
- Backhaul – The return leg of a delivery route, often used to carry new goods back to the origin or another destination. Efficient use of backhaul reduces empty vehicle runs, improves sustainability, and cuts operational costs.
- Barcode Shipping Label – A scannable label affixed to a parcel, containing encoded shipment data such as destination, tracking number, and carrier. It enables automation in sorting, tracking, and customs clearance.
- Batch Processing – A fulfillment strategy where similar orders are grouped and handled together to optimize order picking, packing, and delivery scheduling, often used in warehouse operations.
- Bill of Entry – A customs document submitted when goods enter a country, especially relevant for EU importers. It includes details like value, classification (HS code), and origin, used to calculate taxes and duties.
- Bill of Lading (BOL) – A formal contract between a shipper and carrier acknowledging the receipt of goods for transport. It serves as a shipment receipt and may also act as a document of title in international trade.
- Bonded Warehouse – A secure storage facility where imported goods can remain without paying duties or taxes until they are cleared for domestic release or re-export, enabling flexible inventory and cash flow management.
- Border Clearance – The verification and authorization process that goods undergo at a national or EU border before being allowed to enter or exit. Involves document checks, duties, and regulatory compliance.
- Break Bulk – A method of transporting goods that are not containerized but shipped as individual pieces or packages, often used for oversized or non-standard freight.
- Broker (Freight Broker) – A third-party agent that matches shippers with suitable carriers, negotiating rates and handling transport coordination without owning vehicles or warehouses.
- Buffer Stock – Safety inventory held in reserve to prevent stockouts caused by supply chain disruptions or spikes in demand. Common in European operations where lead times may vary across borders.
- BOPIS (Buy Online, Pick Up In Store) – A shopping model where customers order online and retrieve their goods at a physical store or designated pickup point, common in Europe for fast, contact-free local fulfillment.
C
- C2C (Click-to-Cart) – A digital commerce feature where users can quickly add items to their shopping cart with a single click for a faster online shopping experience.
- Carbon-Neutral Shipping – A logistics approach where companies offset carbon emissions through sustainable practices like tree planting or green technologies.
- Carrier – A company responsible for the physical transportation of goods, including air, road, rail, or sea-based transportation services (postal, parcel, courier).
- Carrier Capacity Planning – The process of forecasting and managing shipping resources to meet fluctuating demand efficiently.
- Carrier Integration – Connecting multiple shipping carriers to a centralized logistics platform for seamless transportation management.
- Carrier Network - A connected ecosystem of shipping carriers that enables businesses to diversify transportation options, compare service levels, and ensure flexibility in delivery operations across different regions and shipment types.
- Cash on Delivery (COD) – A payment method where customers pay for their orders upon delivery instead of in advance.
- Certificate of Origin (CO) – An official document issued by a recognized authority (e.g. Chamber of Commerce) certifying the country of manufacture of exported goods; essential for determining eligibility for preferential tariffs and trade compliance.
- Chaos drill / fault-injection - Planned test that simulates outages to verify failover and team readiness.
- Checkout - nShift Checkout transforms the online shopping experience by offering a range of delivery options directly at checkout. This ensures customers can choose the option that fits their lifestyle while reducing cart abandonment for businesses.
- Clear item description - Plain, specific product description for customs (e.g., “men’s cotton T-shirt”).
- Click and Collect – A shopping method where customers order online and pick up their items at a designated store or collection point.
- CN22 / CN23 Declarations – Customs forms used for low-value shipments: CN22 for packages ≤ €425/£270 under 2 kg, and CN23 for larger or higher-value items; both aid customs clearance but the CN23 includes more detailed shipment data.
- Consignor – (1) A person or business that ships goods to a recipient (consignee) while retaining ownership until delivery. (2) One of the four legacy companies that merged in 2021 to create nShift.
- Consolidation Shipping – Combining multiple small shipments into one larger shipment to optimize costs and improve delivery efficiency.
- Contact rate / WISMO - Customer contacts per 100 orders; WISMO = “Where Is My Order?” inquiries.
- Contactless Delivery – A delivery method where goods are left at a designated location or handed over without physical contact.
- Countdown timer - A visual timer showing how long remains to hit today’s order cut-off.
- Courier Aggregator – A platform that connects businesses with multiple courier services, allowing them to compare rates and choose the best option.
- Cross-border - Shipping between countries (e.g., UK ↔ EU).
- Cross-Border Logistics – The management of international shipments, including customs clearance, taxes, and regulatory compliance.
- Cross-Docking – A logistics practice where incoming shipments are unloaded and immediately transferred to outgoing vehicles, reducing storage time and costs.
- Customs hold - A parcel delayed by missing/poor data or unpaid charges.
- Customs-hold rate - % of cross-border parcels stopped for data/payment issues.
- Cut-off time - Latest order time that still meets the promised delivery date.
- CX (Customer eXperience) – The sum of all interactions a customer has with a company, influencing overall satisfaction with the brand.
D
- D2C (Direct-to-Consumer) - A business model where brands sell products directly to customers through their own digital or physical channels, bypassing traditional retailers or wholesalers to gain better control over margins, customer experience, and data insights.
- Deadhead Miles – The distance a delivery vehicle travels without carrying any cargo, leading to inefficiencies in logistics.
- Delivery - nShift Delivery seamlessly connecting businesses with their customers through fast, reliable, and flexible delivery options. nShift helps optimize delivery processes to improve customer satisfaction and operational efficiency.
- Delivery Confirmation – A notification confirming a package has been successfully delivered, often with a signature, photo proof, or electronic acknowledgment.
- Delivery Exception – An unexpected issue that delays or reroutes a shipment, such as weather disruptions or incorrect addresses.
- Delivery options - The services a shopper can pick (e.g., home standard/express, OOH locker/shop).
- DIFOT (Delivery In Full, On Time) – A customer-centric KPI measuring whether orders are delivered complete and within the expected delivery window. Expressed as a percentage, it reflects overall delivery performance across all supply chain stages.
- Delivery Management System (DMS) – Software used to plan, execute, and monitor delivery operations to ensure timely distribution of goods.
- Delivery SLA (Service Level Agreement) – A contract defining expected performance metrics such as delivery times and success rates.
- Delivery Window – A specific timeframe in which a delivery is expected to arrive, often chosen by the customer.
- Demurrage – Charges applied when containers or vessels are held beyond the free laytime (e.g. delayed unloading), which increases carrier or port fees and indicates inefficiencies in last‑mile coordination.
- Detention – A fee charged when shipping equipment (e.g. containers, trailers) isn't returned within the agreed timeframe—common in European delivery runs where handover windows must be tightly managed.
- Dimensional Weight (DIM/ Volumetric Weight) – A pricing method where carriers charge based on package size rather than actual weight. Chargeable weight based on package size, not just scale weight.
- Disposition - What happens to a returned item: grade-and-resell, liquidation, donation, repair, or recycling.
- Drop Density – The number of deliveries made within a specific area, affecting logistics efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
- Drop Shipping – A retail fulfillment method where sellers do not keep inventory but transfer orders to suppliers who ship directly to customers.
- DMS (Delivery Management System) - DMS is software designed to plan, execute, and monitor delivery operations, ensuring timely and accurate distribution of goods.
- Dynamic routing / re-routing - Automatically shifting parcels to better services or lanes in response to live conditions.
E
- EDD (Estimated Delivery Date) - A specific promised arrival date shown to the shopper.
- EDD accuracy - % of orders delivered on or before the promised date.
- EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) – A standardized method for exchanging digital delivery and order data between logistics systems—such as order confirmations, advanced shipping notices (ASNs), and status updates—without manual intervention.
- Emissions Tracker - nShift Emission Tracker helps businesses monitor and reduce their environmental impact through detailed reporting of shipment emissions. This tool is essential for companies committed to sustainability and meeting their carbon reduction goals. Can be deployed for any customer given the data is already gathered.
- Empty-space ratio - % of unused volume inside a parcel.
- ENS (Entry Summary Declaration) - The pre-arrival safety-and-security data submitted for risk screening (EU: under ICS2; GB: under S&S GB).
- ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) – A software platform consolidating various business processes like finance, HR, and supply chain management.
- ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival) – The predicted arrival time of a shipment based on real-time tracking and conditions.
- ETD (Estimated Time of Departure) – The projected departure time for a vehicle or shipment from the origin point. ETD, together with ETA, helps manage customer expectations and planning accuracy.
- Exchange-first - Returns flow that encourages exchanging rather than refunding.
- Expedited Shipping – A faster-than-standard delivery service that prioritizes shipments for reduced transit time.
F
- Failed Delivery Attempt – When a courier is unable to complete a delivery due to recipient unavailability or incorrect address details.
- Fallback (carrier/service) - Automatic switch to a backup when the primary option degrades or lacks capacity.
- First-attempt delivery rate - % of deliveries that succeed on the first try.
- First-Mile Delivery – The initial stage of shipping, moving goods from a seller or manufacturer to a warehouse or carrier.
- Freight Class – A standardized system classifying cargo based on weight, size, and handling requirements.
- Freight Forwarding – A service that arranges the transportation of goods across multiple carriers and shipping modes, handling customs and documentation.
- Fulfillment – The process of receiving, picking, packing, and shipping customer orders.
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FTL / LTL (Full Truckload / Less‑Than‑Truckload) – Freight categories that reflect delivery planning:
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FTL: a dedicated truck for one shipper’s load (used for large volume);
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LTL: multiple shippers’ pallets or cartons consolidated in one vehicle, ideal for varied smaller deliveries across Europe.
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G
- Game day - Scheduled exercise to practice incident response under realistic load.
H
- HS code (Harmonized System code) - Standardized product classification used worldwide by customs.
I
- ICS2 (Import Control System 2) - EU regime requiring ENS data before goods arrive.
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Incoterms (International Commercial Terms) – A set of standardized trade terms (e.g., FOB, DAP, DDP) defined by the ICC that clarify responsibilities, costs, and risk distribution between buyer and seller in international contracts.
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Instant store credit - Credit issued immediately to encourage a quick repurchase.
- Intermodal Transport – The movement of goods using two or more modes of transport (e.g., sea-rail-road) within the same journey/container, without unloading cargo at each transfer point, streamlining operations and reducing handling.
- IOSS (Import One-Stop Shop) - EU scheme to collect VAT at checkout for consignments ≤ €150 sent into the EU.
- IOSS share (≤ €150) - % of eligible EU-bound orders using IOSS at checkout.
J
- Just-in-Time (JIT) Delivery – A supply chain strategy where inventory is replenished precisely when needed, reducing storage costs.
- Job Lot – A shipment or batch of mixed or assorted goods sold and delivered together. In logistics, job lots may present handling or classification challenges due to variability in product type, weight, or packaging.
- Joint Distribution – A collaborative delivery model where two or more companies share distribution resources (such as vehicles or warehouses) to reduce costs and environmental impact—especially effective in urban or regional delivery zones in Europe.
- Journey Management – The process of planning, tracking, and optimizing the full transportation route of a vehicle or driver to ensure safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance—crucial in managing long-haul or multi-country European deliveries.
- Judgmental Forecasting – A qualitative approach to demand forecasting based on expert insights, past experience, or market intuition rather than just historical data—often used to supplement system-generated logistics predictions.
K
- KPI (Key Performance Indicator) - Metric used to track performance to target.
L
- Landed Cost - Total price including product, shipping, duties, and VAT shown before purchase.
- Last Mile Delivery – The final step in the delivery process, moving goods from a distribution center to the customer’s doorstep.
- Load Balancing in Logistics – Distributing shipments across multiple carriers, vehicles, or warehouses to optimize efficiency.
- Load Planning – Organizing shipments within a vehicle to maximize space, reduce costs, and ensure safe transportation.
- Logistics – The planning, implementation, and control of efficient goods movement, including transportation, warehousing, and order fulfillment.
- Logistics Orchestration – Coordinating logistics processes such as warehousing, transportation, and fulfillment to optimize supply chain execution.
M
- Manifest - A comprehensive document or digital record listing the contents, destination, and handling instructions of a shipment, used by logistics providers to track and verify cargo throughout the delivery process.
- Master Bill of Lading – A primary transport document issued by a carrier (or NVOCC), containing information on cargo owner, consignee, routing, and terms—essential for visibility and legal compliance across modes and borders.
- MTTD (Mean Time To Detect) - Average time to notice an issue.
- MTTR (Mean Time To Resolve) - Average time to clear an issue once detected.
- Middle-Mile Delivery – The transport of goods between warehouses, distribution centers, or hubs before reaching the final delivery location.
- Multi-carrier orchestration - Routing each shipment to the best carrier/service based on rules, price, and performance, with automatic fallbacks.
- MCPMS (Multi-Carrier Parcel Management Solutions) – A software platform that helps businesses optimize parcel shipping across multiple carriers.
N
- Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) – A low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) technology optimized for IoT devices like parcel trackers or warehouse sensors. It enables low-cost, reliable data transmission—ideal for real-time shipment visibility across European delivery networks.
- National Carrier – A shipping provider that operates primarily within one country’s borders. In Europe, these include postal services like Royal Mail (UK), La Poste (France), or Correos (Spain), often integrated with international logistics networks for cross-border deliveries.
- Nearshoring – A supply chain strategy that relocates production or fulfillment operations closer to the consumer market—such as moving manufacturing from Asia to Eastern Europe—to reduce transit times, risk, and delivery costs.
- Net Weight – The weight of goods excluding packaging and containers. This value is crucial for customs declarations, freight classification, and pricing calculations, particularly in regulated industries like food or pharmaceuticals.
- Network Optimization – The strategic design and management of logistics infrastructure—including warehouses, fulfillment centers, and carrier networks—to minimize delivery time and cost while maximizing coverage and service quality.
- Non-Delivery Report (NDR) – A notification generated when a delivery attempt fails due to reasons like incorrect address, recipient unavailability, or access restrictions. NDRs are used to trigger rerouting, redelivery, or customer communication workflows.
- Notified Party – A person or organization designated to receive updates about a shipment’s status, often used in international shipping documents. In European B2B logistics, this helps third parties like customs brokers or warehouse teams stay informed.
- nShift Go - nShift Go is a headless, API-first shipping platform designed to simplify delivery management for e-commerce platforms and marketplaces. With a single integration, you gain access to thousands of compliant carrier services across Europe and beyond.
- NVOCC (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier) – A logistics company that arranges ocean freight shipping and issues its own bills of lading without owning any vessels. NVOCCs are key intermediaries in EU–non-EU freight operations.
O
- Observability / telemetry - Real-time signals (events, metrics, logs) that show system health (APIs, labels, handovers, exceptions).
- Omnichannel Retailing – A strategy providing customers with a seamless shopping experience across online and physical store platforms.
- OSS (One-Stop Shop) - EU VAT system that simplifies cross-border VAT reporting within the EU.
- On-time delivery rate - % delivered on or before the promised date.
- Order Fulfillment – The complete process of receiving, processing, packing, and shipping customer orders.
- OMS (Order Management System) – A digital tool that tracks sales, orders, inventory, and fulfillment, streamlining order processing.
- OOH (Out-of-Home) delivery - Collection away from home (lockers, parcel shops).
P
- PPWR (EU Packaging & Packaging Waste Regulation) - EU rules including a 50% empty-space cap for certain packaging types on a defined timeline.
- Parcel locker - Self-service lockers for collecting/returning parcels.
- Parcel Sorting Hub – A centralized facility where parcels are sorted before dispatching to their delivery destinations.
- Peak Board - A live dashboard for peak-week operations (API health, label errors, parcel flow, customs holds).
- Peak Season Surcharge – An additional fee imposed by carriers during high-demand periods to accommodate increased shipping volume.
- PUDO (Pick-Up/Drop-Off) - Network of shops/lockers used for OOH deliveries and returns.
- Platform - nShift Platform is a delivery & experience management platform designed to streamline and automate the entire end‑to‑end delivery process, from checkout through returns. It empowers businesses—e-commerce retailers, manufacturers, warehousing, and 3PL providers—to take control over their entire shipping lifecycle.
- Predictive risk mitigation - Using historical and live data to forecast spikes, bottlenecks, or route risks before they hit.
- POD (Proof of Delivery) – A confirmation that a shipment has been received by the intended recipient, often with a signature or electronic acknowledgment.
- POC (Proof of Collection) – A record confirming that a package has been picked up from the sender or designated location.
- Predictive Delivery Analytics – Using AI and data to estimate delivery times, detect potential delays, and optimize logistics.
- PUDO (Pick Up Drop Off) – Locations where customers can collect or return parcels at their convenience.
R
- Refund at first scan (RFS) - Refunding when the carrier first scans the return (programme-dependent).
- Returns - The nShift Returns solution simplifies and enhances the return process, offering businesses a streamlined method for managing customer returns, improving customer experience and operational outcomes.
- Returnless refund - Auto-refund without asking for the item back (usually low-value/low-risk).
- Reverse Logistics – Managing product returns, repairs, recycling, or disposal for sustainability and customer satisfaction.
- Reverse Pickup – When a logistics provider collects returned goods from customers for transport back to a designated location.
- Right-sizing - Choosing packaging that fits the item with minimal empty space.
- Route Optimization – Determining the most efficient delivery routes to minimize costs and maximize efficiency.
- Runbook - Step-by-step operating procedure for predictable incidents (e.g., a carrier outage).
S
- Same-Day Delivery – Ensuring a package is delivered on the same day the order is placed.
- Service level - Speed/terms of a delivery service (e.g., next-day, economy, tracked).
- SLA (Service Level Agreement) - The level of service you commit to (e.g., “deliver by Friday”).
- Ship - nShift Ship is a core functionality of the nShift platform, enabling businesses to manage their shipments with ease. From label generation to shipment tracking, "Ship" streamlines delivery operations and ensures accuracy in the process. Formerly known as DeliveryHub.
- Shipment Visibility – Tracking shipments in real time through GPS, RFID, or barcodes.
- Shipping API (Application Programming Interface) – A software interface allowing e-commerce platforms to connect with carriers for real-time tracking and automation.
- SIOC (Ships in Own Container) - Item ships in its retail box without an overbox (when safe).
- Single source of truth - Consolidated operational data shared across teams for consistent decisions.
- Smart Freight Matching – A technology-driven process pairing available freight loads with carriers in real-time.
- Smart Locker Delivery – Secure, automated lockers where customers can pick up parcels at their convenience.
- Split Shipment – When an order is divided into multiple shipments due to logistics constraints.
- Streamline Delivery – Optimizing logistics for faster and more efficient transportation of goods.
- Supply Chain – The interconnected system of sourcing, manufacturing, transportation, and delivery of goods.
- Supply Chain Management (SCM) – The centralized management of supply chain processes to maximize efficiency and customer value.
- Sustainable Logistics – Minimizing the environmental impact of logistics through green initiatives.
T
- Tail Lift Delivery – A service where delivery vehicles are equipped with hydraulic platforms (tail lifts) to load or unload heavy goods at locations without a loading dock—common for bulky B2B or residential deliveries in Europe.
- TAPA Certification (Transported Asset Protection Association) – A security standard in logistics focused on theft prevention during transportation and warehousing. TAPA certification is increasingly important in Europe for high-value goods such as electronics or pharmaceuticals.
- Tariff Code (HS Code) – A standardized international classification used to identify and describe goods for customs purposes. In Europe, this determines VAT, duties, and import restrictions, and is required on all cross-border shipping documentation.
- Temperature-Controlled Logistics – The specialized transport and storage of goods within specific temperature ranges, such as frozen, chilled, or ambient. Essential for sectors like food, life sciences, and chemicals across the EU.
- Third-Party Billing – A payment arrangement in which a third party (not the shipper or receiver) is responsible for freight charges. Common in complex European supply chains involving distributors or fulfillment centers.
- Time Slot Booking – A delivery management tool that schedules specific time windows for loading or unloading at warehouses or customer locations, helping reduce wait times and improve vehicle utilization.
- Time-to-credit - Time from return initiation to customer receiving money/credit.
- TMS (Transportation Management System) – (1) A central software tool integrated with OMS or WMS to support route planning, carrier selection, load tendering, tracking, and freight audit/payment. A hub for delivery orchestration in European operations. - (2) nShift TMS is a robust tool designed to optimize transportation logistics. From route planning to carrier selection, it helps businesses manage complex supply chain operations efficiently and cost-effectively.
- Track - nShift’s comprehensive tracking tool provides real-time visibility of shipments, empowering customers with accurate delivery updates while keeping operations ahead of demand.
- Track and Trace – A logistics system that provides real-time visibility into the location and status of shipments throughout the delivery journey. Widely adopted across Europe to enhance customer experience and reduce WISMO queries.
- Traffic Management – The monitoring and adjustment of delivery routes and timing based on real-time road traffic conditions, ensuring efficiency and on-time performance in dense urban or high-volume corridors.
- Transit Time – The total time it takes for a shipment to move from origin to destination. Accurately forecasting transit time is essential for SLAs and customer satisfaction, especially across borders in Europe.
- Transloading – The transfer of goods from one mode of transport to another (e.g., from a truck to a railcar or ship) during their journey. Used to optimize cost and flexibility in pan-European multi-modal shipping.
- Transsmart - (1) nShift Transsmart is a specialized solution within nShift focused on simplifying delivery management for small to medium-sized businesses. It integrates seamlessly with ERP and WMS systems for a smarter shipping process. (2) One of the four legacy companies that merged back in August 2021 to create the new merger company - nShift.
- Truckload Optimization – The process of maximizing the efficiency of space and weight distribution in a truck to reduce costs, minimize trips, and meet delivery deadlines.
U
- Uniform Delivery Pricing – A pricing strategy where the shipping cost remains consistent regardless of the delivery location within a defined zone (e.g., flat-rate shipping within an EU country), used to simplify customer experience and reduce cart abandonment.
- Unit Load Device (ULD) – A container or pallet used to bundle cargo for air transport. ULDs ensure safe and efficient handling of goods across international and intra-European air freight routes.
- Unit shipping cost - Cost per parcel, including last-mile fees and surcharges.
- Unloading Bay – A designated area at a warehouse, store, or distribution center where goods are received from transport vehicles. Proper scheduling and design of unloading bays help reduce dwell time and improve throughput in urban logistics hubs.
- Unloading Slip – A document provided upon receipt of goods at a warehouse or distribution center that details the condition, quantity, and time of unloading, serving as proof for receivers and shipment audits.
- Upstream Logistics – The supply chain processes involved before goods reach a warehouse or fulfillment center—such as sourcing, procurement, inbound transportation, and supplier coordination.
- Urban Consolidation Center (UCC) – A shared facility near or within a city where shipments from multiple suppliers are consolidated for last-mile delivery, reducing traffic, emissions, and delivery congestion in European cities with strict low-emission zones.
- Urban Logistics – The planning and execution of freight and parcel deliveries within dense city environments, accounting for traffic regulations, time windows, sustainability requirements, and space constraints.
- Utilization Rate – A performance metric that indicates how effectively a resource (vehicle, container, warehouse space, etc.) is being used, often expressed as a percentage. High utilization helps control costs in high-volume EU supply chains.
- Uplift (Logistics) – The action of physically loading goods onto a transport vehicle for delivery. The term is often used in warehousing and freight operations to indicate a successful dispatch event.
V
- VAT (Value Added Tax) - Sales tax applied in many countries.
- Void fill - Material used to cushion/fill empty space (paper, air pillows, etc.).
W
- Webshipper - nShift Webshipper integrates seamlessly with platforms like Shopify, WooCommerce, and Magento, automating shipping and label generation for e-commerce businesses. Standalone solution that was acquired and the most “SaaS-ish” of the offerings.
- WISMO (Where Is My Order) – Customer inquiries about their order's location and status.
- WISMR (Where Is My Return) – Customer inquiries regarding returned items or refunds.
- White Glove Delivery – A premium service offering extra care for high-value or fragile items, including assembly or installation.
- WMS (Warehouse Management System) – Software managing warehouse operations, inventory tracking, and shipping.